Refugee narratives and displacement are key themes in J.R.R. Elizabeth King – “The Burnt Hand Teaches Most About Fire”: Applying Traumatic Stress and Ecological Frameworks to Narratives of Displacement and Resettlement Across Cultures in Tolkien’s Middle-earth The primary characters whose post-injury experiences are documented for a considerable amount of time are Maedhros and Morgoth, where Tolkien describes physical pain at the moment these injuries are received, hints at sustained pain after the fact, but does not portray their experiences of living with chronic pain in detail. Beren experiences several injuries, but Tolkien does not portray a vivid experience of physical pain even after Beren’s most severe injury-the loss of his hand-and indeed Beren dies shortly after his injury. He also departs the story before a sustained account of living with chronic pain is portrayed in detail. Frodo experiences physical pain from his injuries, but this pain is subservient to-and inherently connected with-his psychological trauma.
This paper will analyze how Tolkien portrays pain in relationship to physical disability in the legendarium. This unresolved tension is also present in Tolkien’s work. Current disability study has not resolved the role of pain in understanding, analyzing, and representing disability in society or literature. However, more recent disability theorists argue that a strict social model does not account for the role of physical pain attached to some disabilities.
The social model of disability theory analyzes how societal structures treat people with disabilities, and counters a strict medical model of disability. Studies focused on characters from The Silmarillion, such as Irina Metzler’s ‘Tolkien and disability’ and Victoria Wodzak’s ‘Tolkien’s Gimpy Heroes’, utilize the social model of disability discourse in their analyses. Tolkien’s legendarium portrays numerous characters with various disabilities, scholarship has primarily focused on Frodo, such as Michael Livingston’s ‘The Shell-shocked Hobbit’ and Verlyn Flieger’s ‘Frodo’s Body’, which analyze Frodo’s physical and psychological injuries in light of Tolkien’s experience in World War I. In the process, this paper demonstrates the way reading against the grain provides a crucial expansion of the way both fans and academics currently engage with and think about Tolkien’s work.Ĭlare Moore – The Problem of Pain: Portraying Physical Disability in the Fantasy of J. Most specifically, Denethor, Finduilas of Dol Amroth, the Ruling Stewardship of Gondor as a concept, and the trajectory and timeline of Gondor’s development are examined.
Using Gondor as a basis for a closer examination, this paper outlines the presence and function of transgender realities within Tolkien’s work in ways the privileged reading of the text ignores or dismisses. Diversity and representation in Tolkien academia and readershipĬordeliah Logsdon – Gondor in Transition: A Brief Introduction to Transgender Realities in The Lord of the Rings.Tolkien’s approach to colonialism and post-colonialism.Representation in Tolkien’s works (race, gender, sexuality, disability, class, religion, age etc.).
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